CIVICS FORM ONE

TOPIC: 1
Our nation

 Components of ournation Civics - Is the subject which deals with the study of duties, rights and responsibilities of citizens in a country

 Nation - A large group or community of people living together in a defined geographical area Nationalism - Is the political will of a nation to unite and fight against foreign rule with the intention of ruling themselve.

 National Language - Is the language which has been chosen and accepted to be used in national matters Language - Is a learned, shared and arbitrary system of vocal or written symbols through which human beings communicate with one another

 Components of a nation

•  - Government 
• - people 
• - territory 

 Symbols of national sovereignty

•  - National flag
•  - coat of arms 
• - currency
• - constitution 

Factors affecting national sovereignty

•  - Pressure groups
•  -conflicts 
• - civil wars
•  - poverty 

 Importance of the National Flag to Tanzania

•  - Symbol of the nation 
• - shows national independence and sovereignty 
• - a seal of the president and government, 
• - state symbol for the president/country/citizens, 
• - symbol of unity and freedom , 
•  - symbol of nationality and Tanzanian culture,
•  - used during unfortunate events like the death of a state leader 

 Factors promoting national integrity in Tanzania

•  - Secularism,
•  -Kiswahili,
•  -Arusha declaration, 
•  -monopartyism 

 Benefits of being identified as a citizen of a country 

1.  - Helps people in the provision of social services,
2.  - legal way of being recognized as a real citizen,
3.  - given rights under the law,
4.  -you are able to be employed in the country, 
5. - nation can defend you from violence or war 

 Promotion of national unity is enhanced by

1.  - Sports/games, 
2. - traditions,
3.  -customs, 
4.  -national language,
5.  -intermarriage 

 The union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar was influenced by their desires for security 

 The national symbols 

National Symbols - These are things which identify the country as independent and sovereign 

Examples of national symbols

1.  - National flag,
2.  coat of arms,
3.  national currency,
4.  national constitution,
5.  national anthem 

 Tanzanian flag colors represent 

• - Black - skin, 
• yellow - minerals, 
• blue - water, 
• green - vegetation 

The seal of the government is the coat of arms Coat of arms and national emblem are the same 

TOPIC: 2

 Promotion of life skills

 Life Skills - Is the mental knowledge and ability applied by an individual to control themselves and their environment in a beneficial way 

 List of life skills 

•  - Self esteem,
•  -assertiveness, 
• - problem solving
• , - self awareness,
•  -thinking, 
• - meditation,
•  -arguing well,
•  -decision making, 
• - planning,
•  -determination,
•  -good relationships 

Sources of life skills

1.  - Parents, 
2.  -government, 
3.  -religion, 
4. -school

Communication - Is the process which involves the transferring of information from one person to another 

 Creative Thinking - The ability to find new ways to solve problems 

Decision Making - The ability to select a course of action among possible alternatives 

 Self-confidence - Having confidence in ones own capability to succeed in their actions 

 Skimming for Reading - The process of reading quickly to get the main point of the paragraph or article 

 Team - Comprises of a group of people linked in a common purpose 

 Teamwork - The situation whereby people work well together while doing a particular activity 

 Group - A number of people having some relation to one another 

 Six classes of drugs 

1. - Opiates, 
2. sedative-hypnotics,
3.  stimulants,
4.  hallucinogens, 
5. cannabis,
6.  inhalants 

Problems of drug use 

•  - addiction/dependence, 
•  -acute health problems, 
•  -dropping out of school, 
•  -reduces country’s workforce,
•  - family conflict, 
•  -suicide,
•  -crime/illegal business, 
•  -irresponsible sexual behavior 

TOPIC: 3
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
- A syndrome that develops after a person has been infected with the HIV virus caused by the virus attacking and weakening the human immune system which has no known cure Symptoms of HIV 

• - Frequent diarrhea,
•  high fever, 
• vomiting, 
• skin diseases, 
• body weakness 

 HIV can be prevented through the following ways - Being faithful, practicing safe sex, using a condom correctly every time, using sterilized needles, using clean blood for blood transfusions 

TOPIC: 4

 Human rights 

Aspects of human rights 

 Human Rights - Are basic moral rights that all human beings are born with, they are not granted or given or removed by anybody 

Examples of human rights

•  - Right to life, 
•  -right to own property, 
• - right to vote and be voted for, 
•  -freedom of expression and association,
•  -freedom of worship,
•  - right to education,
•  -right to social services, 
•  -freedom of movement 

 Abuse of Power - Violation of the law or constitution of the country 

 Amnesty International - UN’s agency for human rights Freedoms

•  - Of association, 
• of assembly, 
•  -of expression Basic needs of any human 
• - Food, shelter, clothes 

 Moral Rights - Are rights which are not included officially in the law of the country and one can not claim them in the court of law 

 Moral, social, and cultural rights - Are rights which are not included officially in the law of the country and one cannot claim them in a court of law 

Pan Africanism - Brought human rights/freedoms/equality/democracy to Africa 

 Importance of Human rights

1.  Helps to bring equality, 
2. avoid discrimination and oppression,
3.  helps in the provision of social services
4.  helps in the provision of employment, 
5.  improves standard of living in the country, 
6.  brings more freedom to the citizens 

Steps taken by the government of Tanzania in promoting human rights in the country

•  Establishment of NGOs, establishment of a human rights commission,
•  mass education on the importance of promoting and preserving human rights,
•  punishing those who violate human rights, 
•  promoting and maintaining defense and security Example of economic rights
•  - To own property 

 Tanzanian institutions responsible for promoting or protecting human rights

1.  TAMWA, 
2.  TAWLA, 
3.  TGNP,
4.  Haki Elimu, J
5. udiciary, 
6.  Tanzania Society of the Lawyers,
7.  TUCTA 

Reproductive right is a legal right, whereas the right to life is a constitutional right

Limitations of individual human rights Arson 

1. - Unlawful setting of fire of structures or buildings Bail
2.  - The release by the police or court of a person held in legal custody while awaiting trial or appealing against criminal conviction Defendant 
3. - A person against whom court proceedings are brought Laws 
4. - Are formulations of rule of behavior enforced by a special authority Plaintiff
5.  - A person applying for relief against another person in an action suit, petition Prosecutor - A person who brings a case to court Rape
6.  - Unlawful sexual act by a man without a woman’s consent Rule of Law - Laws should be enforced equally, fairly and consistently

 all Causes of crime in Tanzania

1. Poverty,
2.  lack of education,
3.  growing population, 
4.  ineffective police protection,
5.  little chance of being caught or punished 

Why there are higher crime rates in cities

1.  Overpopulation, 
2.  higher unemployment, 
3.  poverty, 
4.  weakening of moral values

 Ways to reduce crime in the country

1.  Create employment opportunities, 
2.  improve & strengthen police protection,
3.  provision of effective punishments to criminals, 
4.  provision of proper education
5.  The punishment for manslaughter is life imprisonment

 Human rights abuse

 Human Rights Abuse - Are all actions which when practiced by people or governments which violate human rights (ex. beating women, raping, killing old people, forced marriage) 

TOPIC: 5

 Responsible citizenship 

Concept of citizenship Citizen - A person who is accepted and belongs to the a particular country Citizenship - A condition or state of being a citizen of a particular country

 Citizenship responsibilities 

 Responsibilities of a good citizen 

1.  Duty to respect other peoples rights,
2.  duty to watch & give opinions on government process/activities, 
3.  voting, 
4.  paying taxes, 
5.  working,
6.  participating in community activities

 Ways of acquiring citizenship in Tanzania 

1.  Birth, by descent,
2.  by registration 

 Responsibilities to special groups including HIV/AIDS victims 

Responsibilities to HIV/AIDS victims 

1.  Not to isolate them (stigmatization),
2.  advise them to attend treatment at medical centers,
3.  to advise them to attend counseling and guidance,
4.  to provide them with a balanced diet 

 WorK 

The concept of work Work - Man’s purposeful activity in the production of goods or services or the use of physical strength and mental skills in the making of things or providing services. (ex. farming, fishing, carpentry, trading, teaching, nursing, brick making, livestock keeping, etc) 

Types of work 

1. - Physical work (ex. brick making), 
2. mental work (ex. teaching) 

 Importance of work 

1.  Source of income, 
2.  provides humans with basic needs like food/shelter/clothes,
3.  prevention of crime, 
4.  advancement in science and technology, 
5.  source of foreign exchange 

 Family life Courtship and marriage 

Adolescent - A transitional stage of physical and mental human development between puberty and adulthood 

 Courtship - Before marriage a man and a woman pass through this period 

 Marriage - Legally bonded relationship between a man and a woman as husband and wife 

 Three types of marriage

1. Traditional, 
2.  religious,
3.  civil marriage 

To establish a civil marriage

 - Approval by district commissioner (DC)

 To establish a traditional marriage - Use of traditional laws 

 To establish a religious marriage - Use religious customs

 Adoption - A situation where parents keep children lawfully who are not their offspring Family

 Planning - Is the planning of when to have children and how many children to have

•  Polyandry - Two or more husbands at the same time Monogamy
•  - A marriage involving only one husband or wife 
•  Polygamy - A marriage involving two or more wives or husbands

The concept of family
Nuclear family - Father, mother (wives), children

Importance of family 

1.  Teaches us good morals & code of conduct, 
2. gives us identity, teaches us patriotism,
3.  we learn love and care for one another, 
4. it is a source of basic education,
5.  it gives us knowledge about state,
6.  government and ideologies

Rights and responsibilities of family members

Responsibilities of a father 

1.  To make decisions as the head of family, 
2. organize family activities,
3.  providing security for the family,
4.  to teach children customs and traditions,
5.  to maintain family discipline and peace,
6.  provide requirements to family members (food/clothes/shelter)

Responsibilities of a mother 

1.  Organizes family activities,
2.  giving birth and providing parental care, 
3. taking care of husband and children,
4.  assist the father in running the family,
5.  a bridge of love between parents and children

Responsibilities of children 

1.  To assist with domestic work,
2.  a bond of love and joy in a family,
3.  assisting in taking care of younger brothers and sisters

Proper behavior and responsible decision making
Meaning and types of behavior
Behavior - The way one acts towards other people
Types of behavior - Proper, improper

Elements of proper behavior

•  Love,
•  peace, 
• respect,
•  responsibility, 
• cooperation

Elements of improper behavior

•   Aggression, 
• segregation,
•  violence, 
• arrogance,
•  excessive drunkenness,
•  irresponsibility, 
• use of abusive language,
•  killing, 
• stealing, 
• raping, 
• corruption

Responsible decision making
Responsible Decision Making - A process whereby every member of a society feels responsible to participate in planning, formulation of policies and implementation for development

TOPIC: 6
Road safety education

Importance of road/traffic signs
Road - A prepared surface on which vehicles and pedestrians move from one place to another
Road Safety - A state of being safe from dangers when using a road
Road Traffic Signs - The symbols or marks used to instruct drivers what to do

Importance of road traffic signs

•   Guide drivers where to go, 
• warn drivers about corners,
•  construction zones, people,
•  minimize road accidents caused by speed,
•  regulate traffic flow/speed,
•  ensures safe driving and proper road usage

Examples of road traffic signs 

• Zebra cross,

•  slow down, 
• stop, 
• give way,
•  no turn,
•  no parking

Causes of road accidents
Causes of road accidents 

•  Excessive driving speed, 
• drunkenness,
•  not using a seatbelt, 
• improper use of traffic lights, 
• driving by unqualified drivers, 
• poor road quality, 
• talking on a mobile phone while driving

Prevention of road accidents

• Proper use of road traffic signs,
•  being strict about driving speed, 
• road maintenance, 
• law enforcement, 
• education about road trafic