HYDROGEN

Hydrogen is lightest and most abundant element in the universe.
     ✓ is the main element from which the sun and other stars are made
     ✓ hydrogen is not found a free because it is most reactive element
     ✓ hydrogen combine with oxygen to form water
      ✓ hydrogen react with carbon to form coal, petroleum and other organic compounds.

PREPARATION OF HYDROGEN

Hydrogen can be prepared than The laboratory on the industries. In the laboratory hydrogen can be prepared by using the following methods;

1. Reaction of dilute acid with some metals.
2. Reaction of water with hot carbon.
3. Reaction of water with some metals.
4. Electrolysis of water.

REACTION OF DILUTE ACID WITH SOME METALS

  This is the most common methods used in laboratory preparation of hydrogen.

For example
Zn + dilute hydrochloric acidZinc > chloride + hydrogen gas

✓ hydrogen can be collected by downward displacement of water because it is a slightly soluble in water

CHEMICAL TEST OF HYDROGEN

Hydrogen can be tested using burning splint which exploded with a "pop" sound.

PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEN

Properties of hydrogen can be explained by considering physical or chemical properties

Physical properties of hydrogen

1. Hydrogen it is colorless testless and odourless.
2. Hydrogen does not support combustion
3. Hydrogen is lighter than air
4. It is only slightly soluble in water

Chemical properties of hydrogen

1. Hydrogen combines easily with other chemical substance at high temperature
2. Hydrogen does not usually react with other elements at room temperature
3. Hydrogen is a slightly flammable andn burns with blue flame.
4. hydrogen to react with the oxide and the chloride of metals to produce free metals.                      NaCl + H2 > HCl + Na
5. Hydrogen reacts slowly with oxygen to produce water.                                                                         H2 + O2 > H2O
6. It is neither a acid or basic.

INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURE HYDROGENIND

Hydrogen can be prepared in the interest by using two methods
       1. Electrolysis of water
       2. Steam reforming of natural gas

Electrolysis of water
electrolysis of water is the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen gas by means of electric current.
     ✓ the electric power source is connected to two plates(called electrodes ) which are
         placed in the water.
     ✓ hydrogen will be collected at one electrode (the Cathode)
    ✓  wiring oxygen will be collected in other plate which is anide

Steam reforming
      ✓Steam reforming of natural gas also known as a steam methane reforming (SMR)
      ✓ it is the methods of producing hydrogen by using organic compounds such as                          methane
      ✓ Methane heated to temperature 700°C to 1100°C and then steam react with methane            to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas
      ✓ these reactions occur in the presence of catalyst which is the metal based catalyst.

USES OF HYDROGEN.

1. Manufacturing of amonia
2. Production of oxhydrogen flame which used for welding.
3. Manufacturing of hydrochloric acid
4. Used in weather balloon.