LABORATORY TECHNIQUES AND SAFETY

Laboratory is a special room or building that is designed and they used for scientific experiment.

chemistry laboratory is a special room where chemical experiments are carried out

LABORATORY RULES AND SAFETY MEASURE

Rules before practical activities

1. Do not enter the laboratory without the permission from teacher laboratory assistant
2. Keep the windows open for proper ventilation
3. Master the location of all exits

Rules during practical activities

1. Read instructions carefully before you start an activity
2. Read the labels on reagents to careful and it will not interchangeable
3. Do not eat or drink anything in the laboratory
4. You're not a smoker in the laboratory
5. Don't play run in the laboratory
6. Do not spill liquid on the floor

Rules of the practical activities

1. Appropriately dispose of any westes
2. Clean up the equipment and the store it is safely
3. Turn off gas and water taps
4. Clean the working surface, benches and sinks
5. Wash your hands with soap and running water

LABORATORY SAFETY MEASURES

1. laboratory should be equipped with working fire extinguishers and other equipment with clear instruction on how to use.
2. Cupboards, storage cabinet and drawers should have locks
3. Stored chemicals should be inspected regularly to ensure they are not expired
4. All apparatus should be checked regularly to ensure they are safe for use
5. All chemicals should be well labelled
6. Any chemical spills should be cleaned immediately
7. Each laboratory should contain adequate first aid kits
8. Chemicals that are easily react with each other should never be stored together

FIRST AID

First aid is the help given to somebody who is sick or injured before professional medical assistance is availables.

IMPORTANCE OF FIRST AID

1. Reduce the likelihood of death
2. Shorten recovery time
3. Prevent permanent disability
4. Reduce pain
5. Prevent the victim's condition from getting worse

CAUSES OF ACCIDENT IN THE LABORATORY

1. Failure to follow the right procedure for given experiment
2. Spilled liquids left on the floor may cause a fall
3. Gas from taps or cylinders may lead to fire or even explosion
4. Use of wrongly agents due to wrong labelling or use of expired reagents.
5. Eating or drinking in the laboratory
6. Chemical spill and exposure could lead to burns and damage to body parts such as the eyes

FIRST AID KIT

first aid kit in a box that contains items used to give help to a sick or injured person

ITEMS OF FIRST AID KIT AND THEIR USES

✓First aid manual

        Content guidelines on how to use the items in the first aid kit

✓plaster or adhesive bandage

        Used for covering small cuts or wounds

✓sterile gauze

       used for covering walls to protect them from dirty and germs

✓antiseptic

       Used for cleaning walls and to kill germs

✓soap

       Used for washing hands, wounds and equipment

✓scissors or razor blades

       Used for cutting dressing materials

✓safety pin

       Used for securing bandages

✓bandage      

       Used for keeping dressing in place and immobilizing injured limbs
✓cotton wool
       Used for cleaning and drying wounds
✓thermometer
       Used before measuring body temperature
✓disposable sterile gloves
       Used for covering the hands to avoid infection wounds and to prevent direct contact with a victim's body fluids

COMMON APPARATUS FOUND IN LABORATORY AND THEIR USES
1. Measuring cylinder
     Used to measure volume of liquids

2. Pipette
Used to measure specific volume of liquids

3. Thermometer
Used to measure the temperature of a substance

4. Burette
Used to accurately measure and dispense liquid

5. Triple beam balance.
Used to measure mass of small substance

6. Electronic balance
Used to measure mass of chemicals

7. Stopwatch
Used to measure accurately time laboratory process

8. Beaker
Used for heating, holding and a mixing substance

9. Test tube
Used for holding chemicals or heating substance for a short period of time.

10. Dropper
Used to add liquid during an experiment drop by drop.

11. Flasks
They are used for holding liquids during the experiment.

12. Watch glass
used as a surface to evaporative some liquids, to hold a substance that are being weighed or observed or as a cover for a beaker

13. Gas jar
Used with deflecting spoon to burn for instance a candle in plenty of oxygen, or used for collecting gas during an experiment

14. Thistle funnel
 Used to add a reagent into flask during an experiment

15. Bunsen burner and lamps
Burners and lamps are used for heating substances in the laboratory

16. Tripod stand
Triple d stand is a stand or support that has three legs, it is usually placed above the Bunsen burner when heating or boiling substances

17. Wire gauze
Used to spread out the flames and heat evenly under the container

18. Crucible
Used to which a substance that very high temperature

19. Filter funnel
Used to separate a solid from liquid

20. Motor And pestle
Used for crashing or grinding substances

21. Test tube rack
Used to support or holding test tube during experiment

22. Test tube holder
Used for holding a test tube while heating

23. Retort stand and clamp
These are used to hold the apparatus such as burette during experiment

24. Tongs
Used to hold a hot substances and apparatus

CHEMICAL WARNING SIGNS